Dr Diane Seddon

Uwch Gymrawd Ymchwil

d.seddon@bangor.ac.uk

+44 1248 388220

–

Dr Diane Seddon

Diane is an established social care researcher with a national and international reputation for research excellence, leading a novel portfolio of work that has generated new knowledge to inform social care policy and practice. She leads impactful social care research with real world application, which has supported change in national social care provision for unpaid carers that is underpinned by significant Welsh Government investment totaling over £12 million.ÌýÌý

Diane’s research and research infrastructure capacity building work has attracted significant external grant funding totaling £12.5 million over the course of her career, as a lead investigator, principal co-investigator, and co-investigator. Her publications include peer review papers, book chapters, and published reports for government and for funding bodies.Ìý They evidence Diane’s contribution to addressing global health and social care challenges, as well as opportunities, associated with population ageing. Diane’s appointment to ministerial advisory positions, and national and international steering groups highlights the esteem with which her work is held. ÌýÌý

Diane’s contribution to the development of a new international research network on participatory approaches to ageing research (PAAR-Net COST Action) reflects her longstanding commitment to collaborative research to improve social care outcomes. Ìý

Diane’s passion and commitment to social care research is further evidenced in her championing of doctoral students and early career researchers, both in the UK and internationally, by securing postgraduate scholarship funding, by delivering international research training, and by mentoring future research leaders.ÌýÌýDiane is a pathway lead for social care, social work and social policy for the ESRC funded Wales Graduate School for Social Sciences.

Responsive to new opportunities, Diane is delighted to be part of the newly established Wales Centre for Vision Services Research.Ìý She is committed to grow social care research that shapes policy and practice solutions in vision services with scientific rigor.Ìý

Diane is Director of Research for the School of Health Sciences, and she is Chair of the North Wales Medical School and School of Health Sciences Academic Research Ethics Committee.

Ìý

I welcome the opportunity to supervise PhD work that addresses social care issues as they relate to older people, including those living with dementia, their unpaid carers and those employed in the social care sector. I particularly welcome qualitative or mixed-methods studies about:

  • Assessment and support planning for people with complex care needs and their unpaid carers
  • Meaningful short breaks (sometimes called respite care) that support positive, sustainable caring relationships
  • Ways to help individuals achieve personal well-being outcomes, with a focus on:Ìý
    • Voice and control Ìý
    • Prevention and early intervention Ìý
    • Co-production of services
    • Integrated, multi-agency workingÌýÌý
  • Nursing and residential care home provision

2024

  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Prendergast, L., Davies, C. T., Seddon, D., Hartfiel, N. & Edwards, R. T., Ebr 2024, Yn: Children and Youth Services Review. 159, 107501.
    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Zarzycki, M., Vilchinsky, N., Bei, E., Ferraris, G., Seddon, D. & Morrison, V., 26 Maw 2024, Yn: BMC Public Health. 24, 1, t. 898 898.
    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Davies, C. T., Prendergast, L., Seddon, D., Hartfiel, N. & Edwards, R. T., Mai 2024, 2 gol. Prifysgol È«Ãñ²ÊƱ. 40 t.
    Allbwn ymchwil: Llyfr/Adroddiad › Adroddiad Comisiwn › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Jones, C. H., Seddon, D., Algar-Skaife, K., Maddock, C. & Watts-Green, S., 20 Chwef 2024, Yn: Quality in Ageing and Older Adults. 25, 1, t. 44-55
    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Zarzycki, M., Seddon, D., Petrovic, M. & Morrison, V., Rhag 2024, Yn: Qualitative Health Research. 34, 14, t. 1412-1427 16 t.
    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Prendergast, L., Toms, G., Seddon, D., Jones, C., Anthony, B. & Edwards, R. T., 8 Chwef 2024, Yn: Working with Older People. 28, 1, t. 9-19 11 t.
    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

2023

  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Toms, G., Stringer, C., Prendergast, L., Seddon, D., Anthony, B. & Edwards, R. T., 24 Awst 2023, Yn: Health and Social Care in the Community. 2023, 11 t., 4699751.
    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Zarzycki, M., Morrison, V., Bei, E. & Seddon, D., Meh 2023, Yn: Health Psychology Review. 17, 2, t. 247-276 30 t.
    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl adolygu › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Boyle, N., Seddon, D. & Toms, G., 1 Rhag 2023, Yn: Quality in Ageing and Older Adults. 24, 4, t. 127-138
    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Toms, G., Seddon, D., Miller, E. & Andrews, N., 26 Meh 2023, Yn: Quality in Ageing and Older Adults.
    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Zarzycki, M., Seddon, D. & Morrison, V., Mai 2023, Yn: Journal of Health Psychology. 28, 6, t. 568–582 15 t.
    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Prendergast, L., Toms, G., Seddon, D., Edwards, R. T., Anthony, B. & Jones, C., Gorff 2023, Yn: Aging and Mental Health. 27, 7, t. 1282-1290
    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Alexander, P., Seddon, D., Algar-Skaife, K., Toms, G., Lord, S. & Barr, K., 27 Meh 2023, Social Work in Wales. Livingston, W., Redcliffe, J. & Quinn Aziz, A. (gol.). Policy Press, t. 167-177 10 t.
    Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Miller, E., Seddon, D., Toms, G. & Hanson, E., Tach 2023, Yn: International Journal of Care and Caring. 7, 4, t. 619-636 18 t.
    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Caulfield, M., Seddon, D., Williams, S. & Jones, C. H., Meh 2023, Yn: British Journal of Social Work. 53, 4, t. 2277–2295 19 t.
    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Zarzycki, M., Seddon, D., Bei, E. & Morrison, V., Gorff 2023, Yn: Health Psychology Review. 17, 3, t. 344-376 33 t.
    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Seddon, D., Davies, T. & Jelley, H., 13 Hyd 2023, Routledge International Handbook on Participator Approaches in Ageing Research. Urbaniak, A. & Wanka, A. (gol.). 1 gol. London: Routledge, Cyfrol 1. t. 331-338 8 t.
    Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

2022

  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Hopkins, G., Winrow, E., Davies, C. T. & Seddon, D., 30 Hyd 2022, MedRxiv, (MedRxiv).
    Allbwn ymchwil: Papur gweithio › Rhagargraffiad
  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Zarzycki, M., Seddon, D., Bei, E., Dekel, R. & Morrison, V., Awst 2022, Yn: Qualitative Health Research. 32, 10, t. 1574-1589 16 t.
    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl adolygu › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Caulfield, M., Seddon, D., Williams, S. & Jones, C. H., Gorff 2022, Yn: Health and Social Care in the Community. 30, 4, t. e1255-e1267
    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Prendergast, L., Toms, G., Seddon, D., Anthony, B., Jones, C. & Edwards, R. T., 7 Gorff 2022.
    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gynhadledd › Papur › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

2021

  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Seddon, D., Miller, E., Prendergast, L., Williamson, D. & Cavaye, J., 2 Meh 2021, Yn: Quality in Ageing and Older Adults.
    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Seddon, D., Toms, G. & Verity, F., 22 Maw 2021, Social Policy for Welfare Practice in Wales.. Gwilym, H. & Williams, C. (gol.). Third gol. Birmingham, UK: The British Association of Social Workers. , t. 19-34
    Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Seddon, D., Andrews, N., Hatch, S. & Cubbage, K., 3 Medi 2021, 38 t.
    Allbwn ymchwil: Llyfr/Adroddiad › Adroddiad Comisiwn

2020

  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Masterson Algar, P., Burton, C., Seddon, D., Hoare, Z., Morrison, V., Arthur, C., Elghenzai, S., Williams, S. & Radford, K., Mai 2020, Yn: Disability and Rehabilitation. 42, 10, t. 1359-1372
    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Algar-Skaife, K., Seddon, D., Barr, K. & Lord, S., 1 Hyd 2020, Yn: FPOP Bulletin. 152, t. 12-19 8 t.
    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl

2019

  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Seddon, D. & Prendergast, L., Medi 2019, 49 t.
    Allbwn ymchwil: Llyfr/Adroddiad › Adroddiad Comisiwn

2016

  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Williams, L., Rycroft-Malone, J., Burton, C., Edwards, S., Fisher, D., Hall, H., McCormack, B., Nutley, S., Seddon, D. & Williams, R., 30 Ebr 2016, Yn: Health Services and Delivery Research. 4.12
    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Williams, L., Rycroft-Malone, J., Burton, C. R., Edwards, S., Fisher, D., Hall, B., McCormack, B., Nutley, S. M., Seddon, D. & Williams, R., 31 Gorff 2016, Yn: BMJ Open. 6, 8
    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

2015

  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Rycroft-Malone, J., Burton, C. R., McCormack, B., Nutley, S., Seddon, D. & Williams, L., 30 Maw 2015.
    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gynhadledd › Papur
  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Seddon, D., Rycroft-Malone, J., Burton, C. R., Williams, L., Edwards, S., Fisher, D., Hall, H. E., McCormack, B., Nutley, S. & Seddon, D. W., 9 Medi 2015.
    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gynhadledd › Papur
  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Krayer, A. M., Gwilym, H. M., Krayer, A., Seddon, D., Robinson, C. A. & Gwilym, H., 6 Maw 2015, Yn: Journal of Child Sexual Abuse. 24, 2, t. 135-151
    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

2014

  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Robinson, C. A., Seddon, D. & Robinson, C., 22 Medi 2014, Yn: Health and Social Care in the Community. 23, 1, t. 14-22
    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Burton, C. R., Rycroft-Malone, J., Hall, H. E., McCormack, B., Nutley, S., Seddon, D. & Williams, L., 27 Hyd 2014.
    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gynhadledd › Papur
  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Rycroft-Malone, J., Burton, C. R., Hall, B., McCormack, B., Nutley, S., Seddon, D. & Williams, L., 30 Mai 2014, Yn: BMJ Open. 2014, 4, t. e005356
    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

2013

  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Krayer, A. M., Seddon, D., Krayer, A., Robinson, C. A., Woods, R. T. & Tommis, Y., 30 Mai 2013, Yn: Quality in Ageing and Older Adults. 2
    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

2012

  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Krayer, A. M., Gwilym, H. M., Seddon, D., Krayer, A., Robinson, C. A., Gwilym, H., McKeown, G. & Hodrien, C., 1 Ion 2012, Unknown Publisher.
    Allbwn ymchwil: Llyfr/Adroddiad › Adroddiad Comisiwn

2011

  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Krayer, A. M., Gray, B. J., Robinson, C. A., Seddon, D., Krayer, A., Tommis, Y., Roberts, A. & Gray, B., 1 Ion 2011, Unknown Publisher.
    Allbwn ymchwil: Llyfr/Adroddiad › Adroddiad Comisiwn

2010

  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Gray, B., Robinson, C. A., Seddon, D. & Roberts, A., 1 Rhag 2010, Yn: Journal of Social Work Practice. 24, 4, t. 475-492
    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Seddon, D., Robinson, C. & Perry, J. K., 1 Ion 2010, Yn: British Journal of Social Work. 40, 1, t. 207-225
    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

2009

  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Gray, B., Seddon, D. & Robinson, C. A., 1 Maw 2009, Yn: Health and Social Care in the Community. 17, 2, t. 125-132
    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Seddon, D., Robinson, C. A., Tommis, Y., Woods, R. T., Perry, J. & Russell, I. T., 3 Gorff 2009, Yn: British Journal of Social Work. 40, 5, t. 1470-1487
    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Seddon, D., 1 Ion 2009.
    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gynhadledd › Papur
  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Seddon, D., 1 Ion 2009.
    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gynhadledd › Papur
  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Seddon, D. & Harper, G., 1 Rhag 2009, Yn: Quality in Ageing and Older Adults. 10, 4, t. 8-17
    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

2008

  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Gray, B. T., Gray, B., Robinson, C. A., Seddon, D. & Roberts, A., 1 Gorff 2008, Yn: Health and Social Care in the Community. 16, 4, t. 378-387
    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Gray, B., Robinson, C. A. & Seddon, D., 1 Tach 2008, Yn: Child and Adolescent Mental Health. 13, 4, t. 169-172
    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

2007

  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Reeves, C. L., Seddon, D., Robinson, C. A., Reeves, C., Tommis, Y., Woods, R. T. & Russell, I. T., 1 Rhag 2007, Yn: British Journal of Social Work. 37, 8, t. 1335-1352
    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Woods, R. T., Keady, J. & Seddon, D., 15 Medi 2007, Jessica Kingsley Publishers. 144 t.
    Allbwn ymchwil: Llyfr/Adroddiad › Llyfr
  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Reeves, C. L., Tommis, Y., Seddon, D., Woods, R. T., Robinson, C. A., Reeves, C. & Russell, I. T., 1 Tach 2007, Yn: Aging and Mental Health. 11, 6, t. 743-750
    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

2006

  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Leeson, S. C., Edmondson, R. J., Heatley, M. K., Nunns, D., Rollason, T., Reynolds, K., Seddon, D., Whitaker, R. & Kehoe, S., 1 Maw 2006, Yn: International Journal of Gynecological Cancer. 16, 2, t. 470-477
    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

2005

  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Seddon, D., Robinson, C. A., Roe, B. (Golygydd) & Beech, R. (Golygydd), 1 Ion 2005, Intermediate and Continuing Care: Policy and Practice. 2005 gol. Blackwells, t. 237-248
    Allbwn ymchwil: Pennod mewn Llyfr/Adroddiad/Trafodion Cynhadledd › Pennod

2004

  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Seddon, D., Robinson, C. A., Bowen, S. & Boyle, M., 1 Meh 2004, Yn: Quality in Ageing. 5, 1, t. 14-23
    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

2003

  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Robinson, C. A., Seddon, D., Webb, V., Hill, J. & Soulsby, J., 1 Ion 2003, Yn: Quality in Ageing. 4, 1, t. 22-31
    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

2002

  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Seddon, D., Jones, K. & Boyle, M., 1 Ion 2002, Yn: Quality in Ageing. 3, 3, t. 16-26
    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid
  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Wenger, G. C., Scott, A. & Seddon, D., 1 Chwef 2002, Yn: Aging and Mental Health. 6, 1, t. 30-38
    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

2001

  • Cyhoeddwyd
    Seddon, D. & Robinson, C. A., 1 Mai 2001, Yn: Health and Social Care in the Community. 9, 3, t. 151-158
    Allbwn ymchwil: Cyfraniad at gyfnodolyn › Erthygl › adolygiad gan gymheiriaid

2025

  • A seminar delivered by DSDC in the School of Health Sciences, presenting some of the latest research which focusses on supporting unpaid carers. The programme contained:

    • Welcome and introduction to the seminar –Professor Gill Windle, Director of DSDC and Director of Research Impact, School of Health Sciences.

    • Willingness to care: what is it and does it matter? – Professor Val Morrison, School of Psychology and Sports Sciences.

    • Short Breaks: What a Difference a Break Makes – Dr Diane Seddon, Reader in Social Care and Director of Research, School of Health Sciences.

    • Sustaining couplehood in the face of dementia – Marine Markaryan, visiting PhD student, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.

    10 Maw 2025

    Gweithgaredd: Cymryd rhan mewn gweithdy, seminar, cwrs Academaidd (Siaradwr)

2022

  • Effective partnership working to deliver pre bereavement support for feelings of loss and grief along the journey with dementia

    Cruse Bereavement Support Cymru, have been supporting people affected by dementia with feelings of loss along the journey with dementia, in partnership with Alzheimer’s Society Cymru through their innovative project funded by Gwent Integrated Care Funding until March 2022.

    Following on from the success of the first project of the partnership, Bereaved by Dementia, which supported people with dementia and their families following a bereavement, this new project has its focus on improving access to pre-bereavement support.

    The webinar shared how the training was developed and the benefits of working together to offer innovative support to people during Covid-19. The session also included stories and discussions with volunteers and clients including Teresa Davies and Margaret Carmen who worked with the partners to share the importance of discussing loss and grief openly after a diagnosis or death of loved on with dementia. È«Ãñ²ÊƱ’s research team, led by Dr Catrin Hedd Jones, conducted an independent evaluation of the project and will be sharing the report at the event.

    15 Maw 2022

    Cysylltau:

    Gweithgaredd: Mathau o waith ymgysylltu â'r cyhoedd a gwaith maes - Erthygl neu gyfranogiad yn y cyfryngau (Cyfrannwr)

2013

  • Invited presentation ESRC seminar: Carers in the 21st century - developing the evidence base

    3 Meh 2013

    Gweithgaredd: Sgwrs wadd (Siaradwr)

  • Invited presentation: Bradford Specialist Sexual Violence & Abuse Advisory Group, Emerging Science and voices. A conference exploring recovery opportunities & evidenced outcomes.

    23 Ion 2013

    Gweithgaredd: Sgwrs wadd (Siaradwr)

2010

  • New frontiers in caring: 2010 and beyond. 5th international carers conference.

    9 Gorff 2010 – 11 Gorff 2017

    Gweithgaredd: Cyflwyniad llafar (Siaradwr)

  • 01/01/2023 – 31/01/2026 (Wrthi'n gweithredu)

  • 01/01/2022 – 01/08/2022 (Wedi gorffen)

  • 01/04/2020 – 31/03/2024 (Wedi gorffen)

  • 01/05/2019 – 01/08/2022 (Wedi gorffen)

  • 01/02/2019 – 01/08/2019 (Wedi gorffen)

  • 01/12/2018 – 01/08/2022 (Wedi gorffen)

  • 01/07/2016 – 01/08/2022 (Wedi gorffen)

  • 01/04/2015 – 29/09/2016 (Wedi gorffen)

    Cysylltau:

  • 05/11/2012 – 04/11/2013 (Wedi gorffen)

  • 01/04/2011 – 30/06/2012 (Wedi gorffen)

  • 31/03/2010 – 01/08/2022 (Wedi gorffen)

  • 31/03/2008 – 30/10/2011 (Wedi gorffen)

  • 01/03/2003 – 01/10/2009 (Wedi gorffen)